English For Academic Purposes was a very useful course.As much it was hard but the teachers make it as much as possible simple and easy.
Now i feel much more confident with my writing. I learned the best way of reading,by skimming and scanning. Both can be helpfel by saving our time.
While the speaking task gave me confidence to talk for 15 to 20 minutes.
At the same time i learned great strategy of taking notes and summarising.
finally in the computer class we learned the powerpoint, spread sheet,and some useful digital literacy.
For me this period of time was very hard.Because i had my baby girl during this course which made everything very hard.I though at the begining everything will be allright. But till now i feel guilty because i left my baby less than one week and went back to the TAFE.
Thursday, June 25, 2009
Evaluate The Risk and the Benefits of Abortion
Abortion is often a controversial topic and includes many positive and negative factors for those affected by, or passionate about it in any way. Many people have different views on abortion, arising out of religious or moral perspectives, or humanist-based perspectives. This essay will describe the processes of abortion, depending on which trimester it is undergone in. It will more importantly discuss the benefits and risks of abortion, more particularly, the physical and psychological impacts.
"An abortion is the termination of a pregnancy by the removal or expulsion of an embryo or fetus from the uterus, resulting in or caused by its death," (Wikipedia 2009).The act of abortion can be spontaneous due to pregnancy complications or "elective" when it is the mother's choice.
Information on abortion procedures is difficult to obtain except from abortion clinics.
Clinical abortion can be divided in two trimesters, with both procedures accompanied by an ultra sound to ascertain the embryo's location and presence, before and after the operation, and to verify the removal of all tissues. The patient is usually placed under anesthetic during this procedure (The Private Clinic, 2009).
When abortion takes place during the first trimester of pregnancy (5 - 12 weeks), it is known as "suction curettage" or "vacuum aspiration". The cervix of the pregnant woman is opened with sterile instruments named "dilators." The doctor then inserts these dilators into the cervix until it expands from six to nine millimeters. The suction then takes place via a thin plastic, which "removes the embryonic sac and the soft- thickened lining of the uterus which surrounds the sac". This conduction takes five to ten minutes (The Private Clinic, 2009, Para 5).
When abortion takes place during the second trimester (13-20 weeks), the process takes two days. The first day, "laminara" -absorbent material- is inserted into the pregnant woman's cervix. The laminara is left overnight where it expands slowly to absorb the moisture. The dilatation of the cervix then happens slowly, which takes approximately three hours. The following day, medication is given to soften the cervix and allow it to dilate more. The termination of pregnancy is then done with assistance of gentle suction (The Private Clinic, 2009, Para 6).
In its complex process, abortion has a number of benefits, primarily associated with psychological impacts.
According to Allanson & Astbury (1995, p.125), after a study was conducted on the psychological influences of the abortion decision, it was evident that most women felt comfortable with it. Also, results showed women were less stressed and their decision helped them to mature. Further, it was shown that after the termination of pregnancy, women felt more comfortable, because they knew that their problem had been solved. This action also assists women in maturing, so many of them start to use contraception (Diggory, Peel & Potts, 1977, p.227).
A research study was also conducted on 147 patients in a Californian hospital who had undergone abortions. The results showed that the abortion minimized their guilty feelings, remorse and depression. Their relationship with the others was improved and living situations were much better. From these results, many doctors suggested that abortion should not be considered a crime, but more so a medical consideration (Marder, 1970, p.1230). This is relevant even though abortion is legal in some countries, it is still illegal in some countries.
In addition, in many rapes cases, studies found women became very depressed, anxious and afraid. A survey was held on thirty-five rape victims who were raped between the ages of two to forty-six years prior to the interview, to figure the effect of rapes on victims. The results showed that the victims had a very high degree of depression and anxiety (Beigel, Gorcey, McCall-perez & Santiago, 1985, p.1338). In 1996, another study was conducted on thirty-four women, pregnant through rape. Fifty percent of women wanted to terminate their pregnancies as they were associated with horror, damage and hurt for the pregnant rape victim. In this case, the decision to abort was a normal reaction to reject the pregnancy, and therefore abortion is often considered a good solution (Dateline, 2001).
Abortion could also be considered a good solution when the pregnant women's health is in danger. Under these circumstances, it is the only case that the pro-life-anti-abortionists- can accept abortion, by saving the life of the mother (Luker, 1985 p.236).
Nowadays there are many tests recommended for two cases of fetal abnormality:
The first case is chromosomal-related; for Down syndrome chromosome.
The second case is structural-related. Usually these tests are undergone by most women during the mid-trimester ultra-sound scan. Abortion is often then held around the 20th week of the pregnancy after discovering a fetal abnormality. This is left under the discretion of the expectant mother (de Crespigny & Savulescu, 2008, p.100).
Going hand in hand with the benefits, abortion also has many risks. These risks are primarily associated with physical implications.
The first thing to be considered is the pain women feel during and after abortion, which is often much worse than what may have been discussed during abortion counseling. This pain can be connected to the depression before and after abortion and are often the signs of medical complications (Chu, Daling, Holt, McKnight, Stergachis& Voit, 1989, p.1584).At the same time, the termination of pregnancy can also cause pain to the unborn child as well. White (2004, Para.1) concludes that the 20 week old fetus can experience the unbearable pain during abortion.
According to Diggory, Peel & Potts, (1977, p.219), overstretching the cervix during curettage or suction aspiration can cause violence and early complication. There is also a possibility of permanent damage inside the "cervical sphincter" which can have many side effects in any later pregnancies.
Figures show that abortion can increase the chance of breast cancer by 30%. This is especially the case for women who had an abortion at a young age, and more specifically, for those who have breast cancer in their family "by genetics". Worldwide studies have been held since 1957 and have showed increasing rates of breast cancer as result of abortion. Even in the U.S., ten of fifteen studies establish the link between abortion and breast cancer (Daling, Malone, Voigt, Weiss & White, 1994, p.1584).
Further abortion can not only lead to causes breast cancer, but other cancers such as in the reproductive system, rectal cancer, cervical and ovarian cancer (Kvale & Heuch, 1991, p.392).
It is clear that abortion can also cause mortality through physical implications such as hemorrhages, infections, embolisms, ectopic pregnancies, and cardiomyopathies (Gissler, Hemminki & lonnqvist, 1996, p.1431). And this has helped to establish the pre-existing and main factors relating to cause of death. It is well established that the longer the duration of pregnancy, the higher the risk. For this reason, abortion must be done at early stages of pregnancy. Some statistics also showed the death rate of legal abortions showed high mortality results of late abortions -in the second trimester of pregnancy. On the other hand, the low mortality was a result of early stage abortion, i.e. in the first trimester (Diggory, Peel & Potts 1977, pp.211-212).
Another risk of abortion is the "impact on subsequent pregnancy". This means that future pregnancies are affected by past abortions. In this, the main complications are cervical inability leading to miscarriages in the future; uterine perforations (hole) and placenta previa (pregnancy in which the placenta is implanted in the lower part of uterus), which all affect the mother and child's health (Luke, 1995, p.32).
Further to this, it is factual that in some countries such as Africa and Latin America, where abortion is illegal, desperate women undergo abortion in backyard clinics. This can cause a high maternal death and health problems in these developing countries. Once abortion is illegal it can result in high risks of complications and death. At the same time it is not enough to make abortion legal but it must be strongly safe (Faundes & Hardy 1997, p.77).
While abortion can lead to many physical damages, it also has serious psychological effects. A study held in 1990 showed women concerning the psychological affects before and after abortion: 40-45% had anxiety, 20% had symptoms of depression and 30% have emotional problems after a month (Bradshaw &Slade, 2003, p.929).
According to Allanson & Astbury (1995, p.123) 10% of women go through emotional difficulties after abortion; especially those who are forced to abort are more likely to be distressed.
It is also a fact according to Reardon, 1993 that women who had an abortion can begin also become addicted to drugs and alcohol. Abortions have also been believed to in turn affect their work or their relationships with others. (Para 5) Reardon (1993) adds that 50% of abortions are repeated ones, because when women fall pregnant again they face the same problems and pressures as before, and some woman repeat the abortion as "self punishment" to feel what they felt from the first abortion (Para 6). These repeat abortions can also lead to increasing health problems (Para.9)
In conclusion, abortions can relieve the woman by solving many problems such as unexpected pregnancies, especially through rape, to save a mother with health problems or an abnormal child. However at the same time, abortion can also lead to many physical risks such as pain, damaging the cervical sphincter, increasing the risks of cancers, and mortality. Abortion can further result in psychological risks such as depression, anxiety, and alcohol and drug addiction. For these reasons the risks outweigh the benefits and therefore a woman needs to consider her options carefully before having an abortion.
REFERENCES:
Allanson, S &Astbury, J 1995, ‘The Abortion Decision: Reasons and Ambivalence’, J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol, vol. 16, no. 3 p.125 & p.123.
Beigel, A, Gorcey, M, McCall-Perez, F, Santiago, JM 1985, ‘Long-term psychological effects of rape in 35 rape victims, Regular Articles, vol: 142 p.1338.
Viewed 17 May, 2009, http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/abstract/142/11/1338
Bradshaw, Z & Slade, P 2003, ‘The effects of induced abortion on emotional experiences and relationships: a critical review of the literature’, Clin Psychol Rev., vol.23, no.7, p.929, viewed 1 May, 2009, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14624822?ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DiscoveryPanel.Pubmed_Discovery_RA&linkpos=5&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed
Daling, JR, Malone, KE, Voigt, LF, White, E and Weiss, NS 1994, Risk of breast cancer among young women: relationship to induced abortion. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, vol.86, no.21 p.1584.
Dateline, 2009, Do Rape Victim Really Need Abortions? Are Rape Victims as Keen on Abortion as we’re led to Believe? Viewed on 17 May 17, 2009, http://realchoice.0catch.com/library/weekly/aa071301a.htm
De Crespigny, LJ, Savulescu, J 2008, volume 188 number 2, ‘Pregnant women with fetal abnormalities: the forgotten people in the abortion debate’, Medicine and Community, Vol.188, no.2, p.100, viewed 10 May, 2009, http://www.mja.com.au/public/issues/188_02_210108/dec10804_fm.pdf
Digggory, P, Peel, J and Potts, M 1977, Abortion, Cambridge University Press, Surry Hills, viewed 30 April 2009, , p.227& pp.211-212
http://books.google.com.au/books?id=T205AAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_summary_r&cad=0#PPP1,M1
Faundes, A & Hardy, E 1997, ‘Illegal abortion: consequences for women’s health and the health care system’, International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, vol.58, Issue 1, p.77 viewed 10 May, 2009, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T7M-3RJGG38-B&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C00005021&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=426482c772c1817f806e7c8fdea5d1dc
Gissler, M, Hemminki, E and Lonnqvist, J 1996, Suicides after pregnancy in Finland, 1987-94: register linkage study. British Medical Journal, vol.313, no.7070 p.1431.
Holt, VL, Daling, JR, Voigt, LF, McKnight, B, Stergachis, A and Chu J 1989, Induced abortion and the risk of subsequent ectopic pregnancy. American Journal of Public Health, vo18, no.9.
Kvale, G and Heuch, I 1991, Is the incidence of colorectal cancer related to reproduction? A prospective study of 63,000 women. International Journal of Cancer, vol.47, no.3, p.392.
Luke, B 1995, Every Pregnant Woman's Guide to Preventing Premature Birth, Times Books, New York p.32.
Luker, C 1985, Abortion and the Politics of Motherhood, University of California Press, p.236. Viewed 17 May, 2009, http://books.google.com.au/books?id=Lrr5aCUg0-IC&pg=PA235&dq=rape+victims+and+abortion&ei=zGAPSrbbK5L4lQSu1LnqCQ#PPA236,M1
Marder, L 1970, ‘Psychiatric Experience with a Liberalized Therapeutic Abortion Law’, the American journal of psychiatry, American psychiatric Association, vol.126, no.9, viewed 8 May, 2009, p.1230 http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/abstract/126/9/1230.
Reardon, DC 1993, ‘Abortion and the Feminization of Poverty’, Elliot Institute, viewed 10 May, 2009, http://www.abortionfacts.com/reardon/aboriton_and_the_feminizaion_of_.asp.
The private clinic, 2009, About Pregnancy Termination, viewed on 15 May, 2009, http://www.privateclinic.com.au/AboutTerminations.htm.
Wikipedia the free encyclopedia, 2009, Abortion, viewed on 19 May, 2009, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abortion
White, RJ 2004, Pain of the Unborn What does an unborn child feel during an abortion?, viewed 18 May, 2009, http://www.nrlc.org/abortion/Fetal_Pain/FetalPain091604.pdf.
"An abortion is the termination of a pregnancy by the removal or expulsion of an embryo or fetus from the uterus, resulting in or caused by its death," (Wikipedia 2009).The act of abortion can be spontaneous due to pregnancy complications or "elective" when it is the mother's choice.
Information on abortion procedures is difficult to obtain except from abortion clinics.
Clinical abortion can be divided in two trimesters, with both procedures accompanied by an ultra sound to ascertain the embryo's location and presence, before and after the operation, and to verify the removal of all tissues. The patient is usually placed under anesthetic during this procedure (The Private Clinic, 2009).
When abortion takes place during the first trimester of pregnancy (5 - 12 weeks), it is known as "suction curettage" or "vacuum aspiration". The cervix of the pregnant woman is opened with sterile instruments named "dilators." The doctor then inserts these dilators into the cervix until it expands from six to nine millimeters. The suction then takes place via a thin plastic, which "removes the embryonic sac and the soft- thickened lining of the uterus which surrounds the sac". This conduction takes five to ten minutes (The Private Clinic, 2009, Para 5).
When abortion takes place during the second trimester (13-20 weeks), the process takes two days. The first day, "laminara" -absorbent material- is inserted into the pregnant woman's cervix. The laminara is left overnight where it expands slowly to absorb the moisture. The dilatation of the cervix then happens slowly, which takes approximately three hours. The following day, medication is given to soften the cervix and allow it to dilate more. The termination of pregnancy is then done with assistance of gentle suction (The Private Clinic, 2009, Para 6).
In its complex process, abortion has a number of benefits, primarily associated with psychological impacts.
According to Allanson & Astbury (1995, p.125), after a study was conducted on the psychological influences of the abortion decision, it was evident that most women felt comfortable with it. Also, results showed women were less stressed and their decision helped them to mature. Further, it was shown that after the termination of pregnancy, women felt more comfortable, because they knew that their problem had been solved. This action also assists women in maturing, so many of them start to use contraception (Diggory, Peel & Potts, 1977, p.227).
A research study was also conducted on 147 patients in a Californian hospital who had undergone abortions. The results showed that the abortion minimized their guilty feelings, remorse and depression. Their relationship with the others was improved and living situations were much better. From these results, many doctors suggested that abortion should not be considered a crime, but more so a medical consideration (Marder, 1970, p.1230). This is relevant even though abortion is legal in some countries, it is still illegal in some countries.
In addition, in many rapes cases, studies found women became very depressed, anxious and afraid. A survey was held on thirty-five rape victims who were raped between the ages of two to forty-six years prior to the interview, to figure the effect of rapes on victims. The results showed that the victims had a very high degree of depression and anxiety (Beigel, Gorcey, McCall-perez & Santiago, 1985, p.1338). In 1996, another study was conducted on thirty-four women, pregnant through rape. Fifty percent of women wanted to terminate their pregnancies as they were associated with horror, damage and hurt for the pregnant rape victim. In this case, the decision to abort was a normal reaction to reject the pregnancy, and therefore abortion is often considered a good solution (Dateline, 2001).
Abortion could also be considered a good solution when the pregnant women's health is in danger. Under these circumstances, it is the only case that the pro-life-anti-abortionists- can accept abortion, by saving the life of the mother (Luker, 1985 p.236).
Nowadays there are many tests recommended for two cases of fetal abnormality:
The first case is chromosomal-related; for Down syndrome chromosome.
The second case is structural-related. Usually these tests are undergone by most women during the mid-trimester ultra-sound scan. Abortion is often then held around the 20th week of the pregnancy after discovering a fetal abnormality. This is left under the discretion of the expectant mother (de Crespigny & Savulescu, 2008, p.100).
Going hand in hand with the benefits, abortion also has many risks. These risks are primarily associated with physical implications.
The first thing to be considered is the pain women feel during and after abortion, which is often much worse than what may have been discussed during abortion counseling. This pain can be connected to the depression before and after abortion and are often the signs of medical complications (Chu, Daling, Holt, McKnight, Stergachis& Voit, 1989, p.1584).At the same time, the termination of pregnancy can also cause pain to the unborn child as well. White (2004, Para.1) concludes that the 20 week old fetus can experience the unbearable pain during abortion.
According to Diggory, Peel & Potts, (1977, p.219), overstretching the cervix during curettage or suction aspiration can cause violence and early complication. There is also a possibility of permanent damage inside the "cervical sphincter" which can have many side effects in any later pregnancies.
Figures show that abortion can increase the chance of breast cancer by 30%. This is especially the case for women who had an abortion at a young age, and more specifically, for those who have breast cancer in their family "by genetics". Worldwide studies have been held since 1957 and have showed increasing rates of breast cancer as result of abortion. Even in the U.S., ten of fifteen studies establish the link between abortion and breast cancer (Daling, Malone, Voigt, Weiss & White, 1994, p.1584).
Further abortion can not only lead to causes breast cancer, but other cancers such as in the reproductive system, rectal cancer, cervical and ovarian cancer (Kvale & Heuch, 1991, p.392).
It is clear that abortion can also cause mortality through physical implications such as hemorrhages, infections, embolisms, ectopic pregnancies, and cardiomyopathies (Gissler, Hemminki & lonnqvist, 1996, p.1431). And this has helped to establish the pre-existing and main factors relating to cause of death. It is well established that the longer the duration of pregnancy, the higher the risk. For this reason, abortion must be done at early stages of pregnancy. Some statistics also showed the death rate of legal abortions showed high mortality results of late abortions -in the second trimester of pregnancy. On the other hand, the low mortality was a result of early stage abortion, i.e. in the first trimester (Diggory, Peel & Potts 1977, pp.211-212).
Another risk of abortion is the "impact on subsequent pregnancy". This means that future pregnancies are affected by past abortions. In this, the main complications are cervical inability leading to miscarriages in the future; uterine perforations (hole) and placenta previa (pregnancy in which the placenta is implanted in the lower part of uterus), which all affect the mother and child's health (Luke, 1995, p.32).
Further to this, it is factual that in some countries such as Africa and Latin America, where abortion is illegal, desperate women undergo abortion in backyard clinics. This can cause a high maternal death and health problems in these developing countries. Once abortion is illegal it can result in high risks of complications and death. At the same time it is not enough to make abortion legal but it must be strongly safe (Faundes & Hardy 1997, p.77).
While abortion can lead to many physical damages, it also has serious psychological effects. A study held in 1990 showed women concerning the psychological affects before and after abortion: 40-45% had anxiety, 20% had symptoms of depression and 30% have emotional problems after a month (Bradshaw &Slade, 2003, p.929).
According to Allanson & Astbury (1995, p.123) 10% of women go through emotional difficulties after abortion; especially those who are forced to abort are more likely to be distressed.
It is also a fact according to Reardon, 1993 that women who had an abortion can begin also become addicted to drugs and alcohol. Abortions have also been believed to in turn affect their work or their relationships with others. (Para 5) Reardon (1993) adds that 50% of abortions are repeated ones, because when women fall pregnant again they face the same problems and pressures as before, and some woman repeat the abortion as "self punishment" to feel what they felt from the first abortion (Para 6). These repeat abortions can also lead to increasing health problems (Para.9)
In conclusion, abortions can relieve the woman by solving many problems such as unexpected pregnancies, especially through rape, to save a mother with health problems or an abnormal child. However at the same time, abortion can also lead to many physical risks such as pain, damaging the cervical sphincter, increasing the risks of cancers, and mortality. Abortion can further result in psychological risks such as depression, anxiety, and alcohol and drug addiction. For these reasons the risks outweigh the benefits and therefore a woman needs to consider her options carefully before having an abortion.
REFERENCES:
Allanson, S &Astbury, J 1995, ‘The Abortion Decision: Reasons and Ambivalence’, J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol, vol. 16, no. 3 p.125 & p.123.
Beigel, A, Gorcey, M, McCall-Perez, F, Santiago, JM 1985, ‘Long-term psychological effects of rape in 35 rape victims, Regular Articles, vol: 142 p.1338.
Viewed 17 May, 2009, http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/abstract/142/11/1338
Bradshaw, Z & Slade, P 2003, ‘The effects of induced abortion on emotional experiences and relationships: a critical review of the literature’, Clin Psychol Rev., vol.23, no.7, p.929, viewed 1 May, 2009, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14624822?ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DiscoveryPanel.Pubmed_Discovery_RA&linkpos=5&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed
Daling, JR, Malone, KE, Voigt, LF, White, E and Weiss, NS 1994, Risk of breast cancer among young women: relationship to induced abortion. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, vol.86, no.21 p.1584.
Dateline, 2009, Do Rape Victim Really Need Abortions? Are Rape Victims as Keen on Abortion as we’re led to Believe? Viewed on 17 May 17, 2009, http://realchoice.0catch.com/library/weekly/aa071301a.htm
De Crespigny, LJ, Savulescu, J 2008, volume 188 number 2, ‘Pregnant women with fetal abnormalities: the forgotten people in the abortion debate’, Medicine and Community, Vol.188, no.2, p.100, viewed 10 May, 2009, http://www.mja.com.au/public/issues/188_02_210108/dec10804_fm.pdf
Digggory, P, Peel, J and Potts, M 1977, Abortion, Cambridge University Press, Surry Hills, viewed 30 April 2009, , p.227& pp.211-212
http://books.google.com.au/books?id=T205AAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_summary_r&cad=0#PPP1,M1
Faundes, A & Hardy, E 1997, ‘Illegal abortion: consequences for women’s health and the health care system’, International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, vol.58, Issue 1, p.77 viewed 10 May, 2009, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T7M-3RJGG38-B&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C00005021&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=426482c772c1817f806e7c8fdea5d1dc
Gissler, M, Hemminki, E and Lonnqvist, J 1996, Suicides after pregnancy in Finland, 1987-94: register linkage study. British Medical Journal, vol.313, no.7070 p.1431.
Holt, VL, Daling, JR, Voigt, LF, McKnight, B, Stergachis, A and Chu J 1989, Induced abortion and the risk of subsequent ectopic pregnancy. American Journal of Public Health, vo18, no.9.
Kvale, G and Heuch, I 1991, Is the incidence of colorectal cancer related to reproduction? A prospective study of 63,000 women. International Journal of Cancer, vol.47, no.3, p.392.
Luke, B 1995, Every Pregnant Woman's Guide to Preventing Premature Birth, Times Books, New York p.32.
Luker, C 1985, Abortion and the Politics of Motherhood, University of California Press, p.236. Viewed 17 May, 2009, http://books.google.com.au/books?id=Lrr5aCUg0-IC&pg=PA235&dq=rape+victims+and+abortion&ei=zGAPSrbbK5L4lQSu1LnqCQ#PPA236,M1
Marder, L 1970, ‘Psychiatric Experience with a Liberalized Therapeutic Abortion Law’, the American journal of psychiatry, American psychiatric Association, vol.126, no.9, viewed 8 May, 2009, p.1230 http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/abstract/126/9/1230.
Reardon, DC 1993, ‘Abortion and the Feminization of Poverty’, Elliot Institute, viewed 10 May, 2009, http://www.abortionfacts.com/reardon/aboriton_and_the_feminizaion_of_.asp.
The private clinic, 2009, About Pregnancy Termination, viewed on 15 May, 2009, http://www.privateclinic.com.au/AboutTerminations.htm.
Wikipedia the free encyclopedia, 2009, Abortion, viewed on 19 May, 2009, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abortion
White, RJ 2004, Pain of the Unborn What does an unborn child feel during an abortion?, viewed 18 May, 2009, http://www.nrlc.org/abortion/Fetal_Pain/FetalPain091604.pdf.
Wednesday, March 25, 2009
My Journal
Week 6 was a useful and educative one. First of all it relieved me when Darren clarified all our misunderstandings with our report assignment. All I could do was just depend on myself and do it. It took me a long time but it was useful because I started to like the topic (Alternative Medicine)
I like the idea to open my own blog with Padmini, but I never though that it will be that easy.
Really now I am enjoying a lot my studies, I always look forward to go to TAFE.
I like the idea to open my own blog with Padmini, but I never though that it will be that easy.
Really now I am enjoying a lot my studies, I always look forward to go to TAFE.
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